Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies

A systematic search of the research literature from 1996 through July 2008 identified more than a thousand empirical studies of online learning. Analysts screened these studies to find those that (a) contrasted an online to a face-to-face condition, (b) measured student learning outcomes, (c) used a rigorous research design, and (d) provided adequate information to calculate an effect size. As a result of this screening, 51 independent effects were identified that could be subjected to meta-analysis. The meta-analysis found that, on average, students in online learning conditions performed better than those receiving face-to-face instruction. The difference between student outcomes for online and face-to-face classes—measured as the difference between treatment and control means, divided by the pooled standard deviation—was larger in those studies contrasting conditions that blended elements of online and face-to-face instruction with conditions taught entirely face-to-face. Analysts noted that these blended conditions often included additional learning time and instructional elements not received by students in control conditions. This finding suggests that the positive effects associated with blended learning should not be attributed to the media, per se. An unexpected finding was the small number of rigorous published studies contrasting online and face-to-face learning conditions for K–12 students. In light of this small corpus, caution is required in generalizing to the K–12 population because the results are derived for the most part from studies in other settings (e.g., medical training, higher education)

Position error estimation of the underwater coordinate measurement machine using artificial neural network

Position error of the underwater coordinate measurement machine (UWCMM) is estimated using an artificial neural network (ANN). The UWCMM has a multi joint serial link and the position of an underwater robot attached to the tip is obtained from kinematics of the link. However, the inaccuracy of the kinematics model creates a position error. In order to improve measurement accuracy, an ANN model which estimate position error of the kinematics of the UWCMM using joint angles data is constructed. The ANN model was trained by 462 data and verified by 42 data. The error estimation result of the trained ANN reduces maximally 66.5 % of the average of the position error of the verification data

NMR多量子遷移の緩和速度を用いたカリウムイオンチャネルの開閉機構の解明

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 嶋田 一夫, 東京大学教授 大和田 智彦, 東京大学教授 井上 将行, 東京大学教授 清水 敏之, 東京大学教授 富田 泰輔University of Tokyo(東京大学

Does reticulocyte synthesize RNA ?

As has been well established, reticulocytes (RC) synthesize the species specific protein, globin, actively for about 24 hours or more till the time of their complete maturation1,2,3. This will be possible only in the presence of messenger RNA (m-RNA)4,5. Since the splendid hypothesis of m-RNA proposed by JACOB and MONOD6 for explaining the mechanism of the transfer of genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm, it has largely been accepted through the numerous observations that followed7,8,9,10. However, the m-RNA hypothesis, which has been deduced by observing the protein synthesis in E. Coli, includes the meaning of labile RNA which is incessantly decomposed and newly synthesized to compensate the rapid degradation. As m-RNA cannot be synthesized in RC which have no detectable DNA, it has been supposed that the m-RNA of RC should be considerably stablell,12,13. Even in the denucleated cells, however, the RNA synthesis might be possible because Borsook reported the positive RNA synthesis of RC14, and this result has recently been reconfirmed by BURNY15.</p

Leukemia autopsies in Japan

For the purpose to know whether the annual increase of leukemia incidence in Japan is due to some leukemogenic factors or due to the increased detection rate, the authors made some statistical survey of autopsy cases in which the diagnosis is reliable and not any type of leukemias escape the detection. The results showed that acute leukemias, which are found mostly in younger age, is actually increasing. In addition, it has been deduced that among the suspected factors the increase in ionizing radiation will be one of the most probable factors for the increase in leukemia incidence</p

Automatic Piano Transcription with Hierarchical Frequency-Time Transformer

Taking long-term spectral and temporal dependencies into account is essential for automatic piano transcription. This is especially helpful when determining the precise onset and offset for each note in the polyphonic piano content. In this case, we may rely on the capability of self-attention mechanism in Transformers to capture these long-term dependencies in the frequency and time axes. In this work, we propose hFT-Transformer, which is an automatic music transcription method that uses a two-level hierarchical frequency-time Transformer architecture. The first hierarchy includes a convolutional block in the time axis, a Transformer encoder in the frequency axis, and a Transformer decoder that converts the dimension in the frequency axis. The output is then fed into the second hierarchy which consists of another Transformer encoder in the time axis. We evaluated our method with the widely used MAPS and MAESTRO v3.0.0 datasets, and it demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on all the F1-scores of the metrics among Frame, Note, Note with Offset, and Note with Offset and Velocity estimations.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, to be published in ISMIR202

The Challenges of Large-scale Farming Policy on Rice Growing Communities in Thailand

Symposium mini revie

Timbre-Trap: A Low-Resource Framework for Instrument-Agnostic Music Transcription

In recent years, research on music transcription has focused mainly on architecture design and instrument-specific data acquisition. With the lack of availability of diverse datasets, progress is often limited to solo-instrument tasks such as piano transcription. Several works have explored multi-instrument transcription as a means to bolster the performance of models on low-resource tasks, but these methods face the same data availability issues. We propose Timbre-Trap, a novel framework which unifies music transcription and audio reconstruction by exploiting the strong separability between pitch and timbre. We train a single autoencoder to simultaneously estimate pitch salience and reconstruct complex spectral coefficients, selecting between either output during the decoding stage via a simple switch mechanism. In this way, the model learns to produce coefficients corresponding to timbre-less audio, which can be interpreted as pitch salience. We demonstrate that the framework leads to performance comparable to state-of-the-art instrument-agnostic transcription methods, while only requiring a small amount of annotated data.Comment: Accepted to ICASSP 202

Compartment Syndrome after Prostatectomy

Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) for prostate cancer was introduced in 2000 and rapidly gained popularity. The Da Vinci Surgical System® can ensure improved local control of cancer and fewer perioperative complications. However, RALP is performed in the steep-Trendelenburg position (a combination of lithotomy and head-down tilt position / Lloyd-Davies position) to obtain a good surgical view, and as a result, well leg compartment syndrome (WLCS) can become a serious complication of RALP. Here, we report a case of WLCS after RALP. A 75-year-old man underwent surgery for prostate cancer and immediately complained of pain and numbness after surgery. The pressure of the four leg compartments increased. Ultimately, we diagnosed the patient with WLCS in his right leg, and an emergency fasciotomy was performed. He completely recovered with no permanent disability and was discharged one month after rehabilitation. Although WLCS after RALP is a rare and severe complication, the patient recovered completely with early diagnosis and intervention. Measuring the compartment pressure is useful when the patient is drowsy immediately after recovery from anesthesia. Preventing WLCS requires identifying this condition as a potential complication of RALP and all urologic surgeries performed in the lithotomy position

Application of Level-Set Type Topology Optimization Analysis for Cavity Shape Estimation Problem in Structures Based On Non-Destructive Hammering Test

In this study, we present application of the level-set type topology optimization analysis for the cavity shape estimation problem in structures based on the non-destructive hammering test. The cavity shape is identified so as to minimize a performance function. The performance function is defined as the square sum of the residual between computed and the observed displacements on structure surface. In this study, accuracy of identified cavity shape is investigated by changing numerical parameters in the topology optimization